// object.c
/* Try to encode a string object in order to save space */
robj *tryObjectEncoding(robj *o) {
    long value;
    sds s = o->ptr;
    size_t len;

    /* Make sure this is a string object, the only type we encode
     * in this function. Other types use encoded memory efficient
     * representations but are handled by the commands implementing
     * the type. */
    serverAssertWithInfo(NULL,o,o->type == OBJ_STRING);

    /* We try some specialized encoding only for objects that are
     * RAW or EMBSTR encoded, in other words objects that are still
     * in represented by an actually array of chars. */
    if (!sdsEncodedObject(o)) return o;

    /* It's not safe to encode shared objects: shared objects can be shared
     * everywhere in the "object space" of Redis and may end in places where
     * they are not handled. We handle them only as values in the keyspace. */
     if (o->refcount > 1) return o;

    /* Check if we can represent this string as a long integer.
     * Note that we are sure that a string larger than 20 chars is not
     * representable as a 32 nor 64 bit integer. */
    len = sdslen(s);
    if (len <= 20 && string2l(s,len,&value)) {
        /* This object is encodable as a long. Try to use a shared object.
         * Note that we avoid using shared integers when maxmemory is used
         * because every object needs to have a private LRU field for the LRU
         * algorithm to work well. */
        if ((server.maxmemory == 0 ||
            !(server.maxmemory_policy & MAXMEMORY_FLAG_NO_SHARED_INTEGERS)) &&
            value >= 0 &&
            value < OBJ_SHARED_INTEGERS)
        {
            decrRefCount(o);
            incrRefCount(shared.integers[value]);
            return shared.integers[value];
        } else {
            if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_RAW) {
                sdsfree(o->ptr);
                o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_INT;
                o->ptr = (void*) value;
                return o;
            } else if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR) {
                decrRefCount(o);
                return createStringObjectFromLongLongForValue(value);
            }
        }
    }

    /* If the string is small and is still RAW encoded,
     * try the EMBSTR encoding which is more efficient.
     * In this representation the object and the SDS string are allocated
     * in the same chunk of memory to save space and cache misses. */
    if (len <= OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT) {
        robj *emb;

        if (o->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR) return o;
        emb = createEmbeddedStringObject(s,sdslen(s));
        decrRefCount(o);
        return emb;
    }

    /* We can't encode the object...
     *
     * Do the last try, and at least optimize the SDS string inside
     * the string object to require little space, in case there
     * is more than 10% of free space at the end of the SDS string.
     *
     * We do that only for relatively large strings as this branch
     * is only entered if the length of the string is greater than
     * OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR_SIZE_LIMIT. */
    trimStringObjectIfNeeded(o);

    /* Return the original object. */
    return o;
}

// t_string.c
/* SET key value [NX] [XX] [KEEPTTL] [GET] [EX <seconds>] [PX <milliseconds>]
 *     [EXAT <seconds-timestamp>][PXAT <milliseconds-timestamp>] */
void setCommand(client *c) {
    robj *expire = NULL;
    int unit = UNIT_SECONDS;
    int flags = OBJ_NO_FLAGS;

    if (parseExtendedStringArgumentsOrReply(c,&flags,&unit,&expire,COMMAND_SET) != C_OK) {
        return;
    }

    c->argv[2] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[2]);
    setGenericCommand(c,flags,c->argv[1],c->argv[2],expire,unit,NULL,NULL);
}

    public static Long valueOf(long l) {
        final int offset = 128;
        if (l >= -128 && l <= 127) { // will cache
            return LongCache.cache[(int)l + offset];
        }
        return new Long(l);
    }

// object.c
/* Create a string object from a long long value. When possible returns a
 * shared integer object, or at least an integer encoded one.
 *
 * If valueobj is non zero, the function avoids returning a shared
 * integer, because the object is going to be used as value in the Redis key
 * space (for instance when the INCR command is used), so we want LFU/LRU
 * values specific for each key. */
robj *createStringObjectFromLongLongWithOptions(long long value, int valueobj) {
    robj *o;

    if (server.maxmemory == 0 ||
        !(server.maxmemory_policy & MAXMEMORY_FLAG_NO_SHARED_INTEGERS))
    {
        /* If the maxmemory policy permits, we can still return shared integers
         * even if valueobj is true. */
        valueobj = 0;
    }

    if (value >= 0 && value < OBJ_SHARED_INTEGERS && valueobj == 0) {
        incrRefCount(shared.integers[value]);
        o = shared.integers[value];
    } else {
        if (value >= LONG_MIN && value <= LONG_MAX) {
            o = createObject(OBJ_STRING, NULL);
            o->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_INT;
            o->ptr = (void*)((long)value);
        } else {
            o = createObject(OBJ_STRING,sdsfromlonglong(value));
        }
    }
    return o;
}

// server.h
#define OBJ_SHARED_INTEGERS 10000

// server.c
   for (j = 0; j < OBJ_SHARED_INTEGERS; j++) {
       shared.integers[j] =
           makeObjectShared(createObject(OBJ_STRING,(void*)(long)j));
       shared.integers[j]->encoding = OBJ_ENCODING_INT;
   }